The old woman of Lishan is also known as Nuwa, the old woman of Wuji, and the “ancient goddess and emperor”. She, together with Fuxi and Shennong, are known as the Three Emperors and are the ancestors of mankind. The Shuowen says: “Nüwa, the ancient divine woman, created all things.” The Classic of Mountains and Seas and the Great Western Desert says: “Nüwa's achievements were not limited to creating people, she also repaired the sky.
The old woman of Mount Li toiled endlessly, patting together loess to make people. The Classic of Customs says: “It is said that when the world was created, there were no people. Nüwa patted together loess to make people, but her strength was not enough, so she drew a rope through the mud and lifted it to make people.” She established marriage for people and enabled them to reproduce.
An old woman from Mount Li refined stones to mend the sky and save the people from their dire situation. “Huainanzi: Lanying Xun” says: “In ancient times, the four poles were destroyed, the nine continents cracked, the sky could not cover everything, the earth could not hold everything, the fire raged out of control and would not go out, the water was vast and unending, fierce beasts preyed on the people, and birds of prey preyed on the old and weak. So Nüwa smelted the five-colored stone to mend the sky, cut the legs of the Dragon of the South to set up the four poles, killed the black dragon to save the people of Jizhou, and gathered reeds and ash to stop the flood. Only then was it possible to mend the sky, set up the four poles, stop the flood, save the people of Jizhou, and kill the cunning insects, so that the people could live in peace and work with contentment.
The old lady of Lishan uses her virtue to influence people, supports justice, teaches people to do good deeds, and urges them not to do evil. The Huainanzi says: “Nüwa did not invent any methods, but she bequeathed her great virtue to future generations.”
Lishan is the place where the old lady smelted stones to mend the sky. The Lushi says: “Nüwa established her rule at the source of Zhonghuangshan and went on to prosper at Lishan.” The Chang'an Zhi also contains the record that “Nüwa ruled from Lishan, and the present-day Laoma Temple on Lishan is the place where she ruled.” The Han Shu·Lüli Zhi calls the Laoma of Lishan “Nüwa of Lishan,” also because she lived in the area of Lishan. “Nüwa of Lishan was also the empress of heaven, and she was regarded as a female immortal, and Laoma was revered.”
Li Shan is the mount on which the old woman rode to mend the sky with the stones. She was ordered to turn into stone, but her belly had a spring that produced warm water for the people to bathe in, which could cure many skin diseases.
The old woman of Li Shan is not only a goddess worshipped in Taoism, but also an ancient revered deity worshipped by the common people. Folk rituals have a long history. Every year on the 20th day of the first lunar month, the people in the Shaanxi area make flour cakes to commemorate the great achievement of the old woman refining the stone to mend the sky. June 13th is the birthday of the old woman, and there is a temple fair on Lishan Mountain at the right time, lasting for five days. Tens of thousands of pilgrims and people from all over the country go to the mountain to worship the old woman and sacrifice to this ancient revered god who has done great deeds for the people.

        骊山老姥即女娲，亦称无极老姥，“古女神而帝者”。她同伏羲、神农史称三皇，是人类始祖。《说文》云：“女娲，古之神圣女，化万物者也。” 《山海经·大荒西经》云：“女娲功烈，非仅造人，又兼补天，”“诚天地初辟摩肩盘古之大神也。
骊山老姥抟黄土造人历尽艰辛。《风俗通义》云：“俗说天地开辟，未有人民，女娲抟黄土作人，力不暇供，乃引绳于泥中，举以为人。”她为人们制定婚姻而又繁衍了人娄。
骊山老姥炼石补天救人民于水深火热之中，《淮南子·览冥训》云：“往古之时，四极废，九洲裂，天不兼覆，地不周载，火滥炎而不灭，水浩洋而不息，猛兽食颛民，鸷乌攫老弱。于是女娲炼五色石以补苍天，断鳌足以立四极，杀黑龙以济冀卅，积芦灰以止淫水。”才使得“苍天补，四极正，淫水固，冀卅平，狡虫死，颛民生。”使人得以安居乐业。
骊山老姥以德化人，扶持正义，教人多行善事，匆作恶迹。《淮南子》云：“女娲不设法度，而以至德遗于后世。
骊山是老姥炼石补天之处，《路史》云：“女娲，立治于中皇山之源，继兴于骊山。” 《长安志》中亦有“骊山有女娲治处，今骊山老姥殿即其处”的记载。《汉书·律历志》将骊山老姥称为“骊山女”，也是因其生活在骊山一带之故，“骊山女亦为天子，遂以为女仙，尊日老姥”。
骊山乃老姥炼石补天之座骑奉命而化之，腹有泉，出温汤，供人民沐浴，能医治多种皮肤顽症，故曰神扬，亦是老姥之圣德也。
骊山老姥不仅是道教供奉的女神，也是民间崇祀的远古尊神，民间祭祀括动由来已久。每年农历的正月二十日，陕西一带民间的百姓均要做面饼来纪念老姥炼石补天之大功。六月十三日是老姥的诞辰日，适时骊山有老姥庙会，历时五天，各地香客、民众数万人上山朝拜老姥，祭祀这位有功于民的远古尊神。